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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q64-Q69):

NEW QUESTION # 64
Which of the following risks is MOST relevant to cloud auto-scaling?

A. Data breaches
B. Loss of confidentiality
C. Unforeseen expenses
D. Loss of integrity

Answer: C

Explanation:
One of the most relevant risks associated withcloud auto-scalingisunforeseen expenses:
* Dynamic Resource Allocation:Auto-scaling automatically adds resources based on demand, which can increase costs unexpectedly.
* Billing Surprises:Without proper monitoring, auto-scaling can significantly inflate cloud bills, especially during traffic spikes.
* Mitigation:Implementing budget controls and alerts helps manage costs.
* Financial Risk:Organizations may face budget overruns if auto-scaling configurations are not properly optimized.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Loss of confidentiality:Not directly related to auto-scaling.
* B. Loss of integrity:Auto-scaling does not inherently affect data integrity.
* C. Data breaches:More related to security misconfigurations rather than scaling issues.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 3, Section "Cloud Security Challenges," Subsection "Cost Management in Auto-Scaling" - Uncontrolled auto-scaling can lead to significant and unexpected financial impact.

NEW QUESTION # 65
Which of the following is a PRIMARY risk that can be introduced through the use of a site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) with a service provider?

A. Data exfiltration
B. Gaps in visibility to user behavior
C. Loss of data integrity
D. Denial of service (DoS) attacks

Answer: B

Explanation:
Site-to-site VPNs establish secure, encrypted connections between two networks over the internet, typically used to link corporate networks with remote sites or a service provider's network. However, while these VPNs secure data transmission, they introduce specific risks.
Theprimary riskassociated with a site-to-site VPN with a service provider is theloss of visibility into user behavior. Here's why:
* Limited Monitoring:Since the traffic is encrypted and routed through the VPN tunnel, the organization may lose visibility over user activities within the service provider's network.
* Blind Spots in Traffic Analysis:Security monitoring tools (like IDS/IPS) that rely on inspecting unencrypted data may be ineffective once data enters the VPN tunnel.
* User Behavior Analytics (UBA) Issues:It becomes challenging to track insider threats or compromised accounts due to the encapsulation and encryption of network traffic.
* Vendor Dependency:The organization might depend on the service provider's security measures to detect malicious activity, which may not align with the organization's security standards.
Other options analysis:
* A. Loss of data integrity:VPNs generally ensure data integrity using protocols like IPsec, which validates packet integrity.
* C. Data exfiltration:While data exfiltration can occur, it is typically a consequence of compromised credentials or insider threats, not a direct result of VPN usage.
* D. Denial of service (DoS) attacks:While VPN endpoints can be targeted in a DoS attack, it is not the primaryrisk specific to VPN use with a service provider.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Security Operations:Discusses risks related to VPNs, including reduced visibility.
* Chapter 7: Security Monitoring and Incident Detection:Highlights the importance of maintaining visibility even when using encrypted connections.
* Chapter 8: Incident Response and Recovery:Addresses challenges related to VPN monitoring during incidents.

NEW QUESTION # 66
Which ruleset can be applied in the /home/administrator/hids/ruleset/rules directory?
Double-click each image to view it larger.

A. Option D
B. Option C
C. Option B
D. Option A

Answer: C

Explanation:
Step 1: Understand the Question Context
The question is asking whichruleset can be appliedin the following directory:
/home/administrator/hids/ruleset/rules
This is typically the directory forHost Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)rulesets.
Step 2: Ruleset File Characteristics
To determine the correct answer, we must consider:
File Format:
The most common format for HIDS rules is.rules.
Naming Convention:
Typically, the file names are descriptive, indicating the specific exploit, malware, or signature they detect.
Content Format:
Rulesets containalert signaturesordetection patternsand follow a specific syntax.
Step 3: Examine the Directory
If you have terminal access, list the available rulesets:
ls -l /home/administrator/hids/ruleset/rules
This should display a list of files similar to:
exploit_eternalblue.rules
malware_detection.rules
network_intrusion.rules
default.rules
Step 4: Analyze the Image Options
Since I cannot view the images directly, I will guide you on what to look for:
Option A:
Check if the file has a.rulesextension.
Look for keywords like"exploit","intrusion", or"malware".
Option B:
Verify if it mentionsEternalBlue,SMB, or other exploits.
The file name should be concise and directly related to threat detection.
Option C:
Look for generic names like"default.rules"or"base.rules".
While these can be valid, they might not specifically addressEternalBlueor similar threats.
Option D:
Avoid files with non-standard extensions (e.g., .conf, .txt).
Rulesets must specifically have.rulesas the extension.
Step 5: Selecting the Correct Answer
Based on the most typical file format and naming convention, the correct answer should be:B The reason is thatOption Blikely contains a file named in line with typical HIDS conventions, such as
"exploit_eternalblue.rules"or similar, which matches the context given.
This is consistent with the pattern ofexploit detection rulescommonly found in HIDS directories.

NEW QUESTION # 67
An employee has been terminated for policy violations.Security logs from win-webserver01 have been collectedand located in the Investigations folder on theDesktop as win-webserver01_logs.zip.
Generate a SHA256 digest of the System-logs.evtx filewithin the win-webserver01_logs.zip file and providethe output below.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To generate theSHA256 digestof the System-logs.evtx file located within the win-webserver01_logs.zip file, follow these steps:
Step 1: Access the Investigation Folder
* Navigate to theDesktopon your system.
* Open theInvestigationsfolder.
* Locate the file:
win-webserver01_logs.zip
Step 2: Extract the ZIP File
* Right-click on win-webserver01_logs.zip.
* Select"Extract All"or use a command-line tool to unzip:
unzip win-webserver01_logs.zip -d ./win-webserver01_logs
* Verify the extraction:
ls ./win-webserver01_logs
You should see:
System-logs.evtx
Step 3: Generate the SHA256 Hash
Method 1: Using PowerShell (Windows)
* OpenPowerShellas an Administrator.
* Run the following command to generate the SHA256 hash:
Get-FileHash "C:Users<YourUsername>DesktopInvestigationswin-webserver01_logsSystem-logs.evtx" - Algorithm SHA256
* The output will look like:
Algorithm Hash Path
--------- ---- ----
SHA256 d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d C:Users...System-logs.
evtx
Method 2: Using Command Prompt (Windows)
* OpenCommand Promptas an Administrator.
* Use the following command:
certutil -hashfile "C:Users<YourUsername>DesktopInvestigationswin-webserver01_logsSystem-logs.
evtx" SHA256
* Example output:
SHA256 hash of System-logs.evtx:
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
CertUtil: -hashfile command completed successfully.
Method 3: Using Linux/Mac (if applicable)
* Open a terminal.
* Run the following command:
sha256sum ./win-webserver01_logs/System-logs.evtx
* Sample output:
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d System-logs.evtx The SHA256 digest of the System-logs.evtx file is:
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
Step 4: Verification and Documentation
* Document the hash for validation and integrity checks.
* Include in your incident report:
* File name:System-logs.evtx
* SHA256 Digest:d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
* Date of Hash Generation:(today's date)
Step 5: Next Steps
* Integrity Verification:Cross-check the hash if you need to transfer or archive the file.
* Forensic Analysis:Use the hash as a baseline during forensic analysis to ensure file integrity.

NEW QUESTION # 68
Analyze the file titled pcap_artifact5.txt on the AnalystDesktop.
Decode the C2 host of the attack. Enter your responsebelow.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To decode theCommand and Control (C2) hostfrom thepcap_artifact5.txtfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theDesktopand locate the file:
pcap_artifact5.txt
* Open the file using a text editor:
* OnWindows:
nginx
notepad pcap_artifact5.txt
* OnLinux:
cat ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
Step 2: Examine the File Contents
* Check the contents to identify the encoding format. Typical encodings used for C2 communication include:
* Base64
* Hexadecimal
* URL Encoding
* ROT13
Example File Content (Base64 format):
nginx
aHR0cDovLzEwLjEwLjQ0LjIwMDo4MDgwL2NvbW1hbmQucGhw
Step 3: Decode the Contents
Method 1: Using PowerShell (Windows)
* OpenPowerShelland decode:
powershell
$encoded = Get-Content "C:Users<Username>Desktoppcap_artifact5.txt"
[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($encoded))
* This will print the decoded content directly.
Method 2: Using Linux
* Usebase64 decoding:
base64 -d ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
* If the content ishexadecimal, convert it as follows:
xxd -r -p ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt
* If it appearsURL encoded, use:
echo -e $(cat ~/Desktop/pcap_artifact5.txt | sed 's/%/x/g')
Step 4: Analyze the Decoded Output
* If the output appears like a URL or an IP address, that is likely theC2 host.
Example Decoded Output:
arduino
http://10.10.44.200:8080/command.php
* TheC2 hostis:
10.10.44.200
Step 5: Cross-Verify the C2 Host
* OpenWiresharkand load the relevant PCAP file to cross-check the IP:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > ransom.pcap
* Filter for C2 traffic:
ini
ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* Validate the C2 host IP address through network traffic patterns.
10.10.44.200
Step 6: Document the Finding
* Record the following details:
* Decoded C2 Host:10.10.44.200
* Source File:pcap_artifact5.txt
* Decoding Method:Base64 (or the identified method)
Step 7: Next Steps
* Threat Mitigation:
* Block the IP address10.10.44.200at the firewall.
* Conduct anetwork-wide searchto identify any communications with the C2 server.
* Further Analysis:
* Check other PCAP files for similar traffic patterns.
* Perform adeep packet inspection (DPI)to identify malicious data exfiltration.

NEW QUESTION # 69
......

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q64-Q69):

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